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The Divine Command Theory For Moral Guidance - 1957 Words

For centuries people have contemplated what makes actions morally right or wrong. They have searched for some fundamental moral principle that can be applied to every moral dilemma. From these efforts various theories of morality have been developed, all of which have their own successes and shortcomings. Many religious believers look to the Divine Command Theory for moral guidance. This theory states that if God commands you to do act A, then it is your moral obligation to do A. An issue with the divine command theory is that it suggests that God could have chosen to make killing morally right and helping other wrong which is against our deep moral convictions. Another theory is Act Consequentialism, which states that you ought to act in a way that produces the most optimific (greatest balance of benefits to drawbacks) results. By Act Consequentialism the method to making the right moral decision is to determine what is intrinsically good/bad and what the options for acting are, the n choose the act that yields the best consequences. There are several situations in which the optimific act is unjust (i.e. harvesting ones organs to save multiple people). In trying to correct this issue Rule Consequentialism was developed, which states that an action is morally right if and only if the actions accords with optimific rules. This theory often leads to favoring rules over the good or faces similar issues as Act Consequentialism. The Kantian perspective helps to deal with theShow MoreRelatedThe Divine Command Theory ( Dct )1448 Words   |  6 Pages A shift in philosophy from a relativist point of view to a moral perspective brought about several new revolutionary ideas. One particular theory that is hotly debated is the divine command theory (DCT). This controversial idea essentially says that God is the boss. It proposes that God decides what is moral and good, and therefore how we should be acting. It is a relationship between two claims, one of which God commands , and as a result the other is what is right. Many people and philosophersRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory914 Words   |  4 PagesRachels describes the Divine Command theory as weak because it makes morality mysterious. According to the Divine Command Theory, nothing is good nor bad, unless God’s thinking makes it so. For example, child abuse. Child abuse is wrong, but according to this theory, it is neither right nor wrong (because the God’s have not commanded it so). If the God’s were to command that child abuse was right, this still does not make child abuse right, so therefore this theory is untenable and makes us furtherRead MoreThe Divine Command Theory, And Natural Law Theory1369 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of objective morality on the assumption that some moral ideals are universal and should be the moral responsibility of everyone. Subjective moralists counter this argument by explaining that each moral decision is independent bec ause each moral situation is unique to its own conditions. Ultimately, these two views shape the nature of moral philosophy and theology, each describing the different natures of morality (Hammond). These two theories have a large impact on the thinking process of humansRead MoreDivine Command Theory And Natural Law Theory948 Words   |  4 Pagesundeniable, these age old systems of belief and worship of a higher being or deity were, in a sense, their own moral systems, two of which are Divine Command Theory and Natural Law Theory. These two systems, among others, once guided and advised ancient humans in moral judgements. Divine Command Theory is a proposed relationship between moral correctness and the higher deity’s commands, henceforth the deity will be called god. This situation is elaborated upon in a dialogue between Socrates andRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory1488 Words   |  6 PagesIs the churches moral teaching of value only to Catholics or to everyone, and either way, why? Christian morality is centered on assessing the ethical implications of us as people. Who we ought and be, and what actions we ought to take or avoid based on an understanding of the scripture and relevant human experiences. I do not subscribe to the divine command theory (DCT) of ethics, as I believe you can have ethics without God. The DCT proposes that what is morally right is what God has commandedRead MoreIn James Rachels’ Book, The Element Of Moral Philosophy,858 Words   |  4 PagesElement of Moral Philosophy, he made interesting point in the fourth chapter. He points out the similarities and differences between morality and religion. Mostly, when thought about morals, religion is mention. Religion is almost all about morals. Directing what is wrong and right. Divine Command Theory is morality relationship between God (gods) and the people. God (gods) orders the meaning of good and the bad. People need to follow the rules to receive blessings from their creator. The T heory of NaturalRead MoreMagistrates of Morality: How the Euthyphro Dilemma Cripples Divine Command Theory1654 Words   |  7 Pagesone is to follow in order to live as a good, moral being. When a deity (or a group of deities) commands followers to abide by specific moral standards though a vehicle such as prophets, religious texts or otherwise, this is called Divine Command Theory (DCT). Those who accept this theory believe that moral action coincides with what has been ordered by the deities, and immoral action would occur when one deviates from these orders. Despite this theory remaining relevant into the twenty-first centuryRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Existence Of God1470 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most prevalent arguments for the existence of God is the moral argument. It states that God alone makes sense of moral values, and since moral values exist, then God exists. A great number of people nowadays, including atheists and agnostics, trust in moral values. However, they do not agree with the Christian answer to provide a basis for those values. For many years homosexuality has been a debate over acceptance but has been for the most part considered an immoral act based on religiousRead MoreDivine Command Theory, Deontology, And Virtue Ethics1618 Words   |  7 Pagesethical questions which we encounter. That being, divine command theory, utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics all provide adequate insight to everyday morality. There are flaws and strengths to each and every one of these concepts. However, divine command theory proves to provide the most requisite intellect with minute disfigurement. Divine command theory offers a chance at a purposeful reason to undertake morality with the right manor. This theory also represents a constant state of rules thatRead MoreEssay 11280 Words   |  6 Pagesa favor by lowering the margin of error, which can be actually the case here in Crito. And with Socrates having the resources to escape a nd him, also being innocent may fit the standards to which one can escape. But of course, this theory has a flaw. First, this theory would suspect that all prisoners are honest and truthful to themselves that they can only escape if they are actually innocent, even if they do have the means to escape. Another is if you value your virtue and principle as much as Socrates

The Family Members’ Experience of Care

Questions: It is a written assignment on qualitative research design on the topic: "What is to be like a family member of disabled child in society?" 1. Identify whether the planned study would be underpinned by an interpretive, critical or post-modern perspective. 2. Provide a justification and critique of the methodological approach you have selected in relation to the question/problem. 3. Discuss how the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of the methodology would guide the research study. Answers: Introduction This research proposal exhibits the skills and expertise of the author in terms of utilizing qualitative exploratory research approaches in rationally undertaking prospective research study in the context of analyzing facts regarding the research question. The framework of the research design requires configuration with the effective utilization of interpretive phenomenological methodology for evaluating the practical experiences of a family member while providing regular assistance to a disabled child. The identification of the methodological strategy for the research study will require critical analysis and evidence-based justification from the academic literature. The theoretical and philosophical justification of the selected methodology will require discussion to emphasize the uniqueness of chosen research approaches in comparison to other evidence-based strategies presented in the academic literature. The discussion of the study methods and summary of the research design (in co nclusion) will necessarily incorporate in this research proposal for further consideration. The research study will require qualitative (exploratory) research design in terms of organizing semi-structured interviews with the family members of disabled children across various geographical locations. The interviews with the family members of disabled children require execution across a friendly environment and while distributing questionnaires in a specified format while allowing the family members to share their experiences, perspectives, contentions and feelings while assisting the disabled children in terms of accomplishing their requirements of daily living and providing them personal care on a routinely basis. This exploratory research study might prove to be a significant tool in terms of enhancing the quality of life of the disabled children while enhancing the awareness level of their caretakers for effectively mitigating the physical, emotional and psychosocial restrictions of the affected children across the community environment. The limitations in terms of selecti ng the family members of the children affected with any particular deformity and obtaining the desirable sample size might influence the authenticity of the findings of the prospective research study. Identification and Justification of Selected Study and Methodology The care taking of a child affected with birth defect extends serious implications on the entire family members (Lemacks, Fowles, Mateus, Thomas, 2013). The state of depression and grief experienced by the family members of the disabled children adversely influence their quality of life that resultantly degrades the health patterns and wellness outcomes of the affected children across the community environment. Therefore, parents of disabled children necessarily require practicing effective coping strategies for assisting their disable children in overcoming their individualized challenges and accomplishing their care requirements. Research study by (Wei Yu, 2012) indicates the increased pattern of divorce among the parents of the children affected with emotional disabilities. However, the mothers of children affected with secondary disabilities experienced unemployment and subsequent financial crisis. This rationally indicates that different types of disabilities among children ex tend variable implications on the lives of their caretakers across the community environment. Research findings by (Woodgate, Edwards, Ripat, Rempel, Johnson, 2016) reveal limited knowledge of researchers in terms of evaluating the experiences of siblings of disabled children with complex care requirements. Indeed, understanding the experiences and feelings of the siblings of disabled children might provide a significant insight to the academicians, nurses and clinicians in terms of promoting their participation in the care of the affected children. Research findings by (Sola-Carmona, Lopez-Liria, Padilla-Gongora, Daza, Aguilar-Parra, 2016) reveal the elevated interest of the research community in terms of evaluating the repercussions of the psychosocial as well as physical abnormalities of children on the well-being of their family members across the community environment. The family members of the children affected with pattern of blindness remain predisposed in terms of experiencing psychosocial variations leading to positive or negative effects in their lives across the community environment. These experiences profoundly influence the patterns of care and assistance of disabled children across the residential settings. The family members of the disabled children require overcoming the adverse influence of the challenges that they face while care taking their disabled children in the context of elevating their self-dependence and autonomy while following the rehabilitative interventions. Evidence-based research literature emphasizes the requirement of evaluating the rate of satisfaction, anxiety levels, mental well-being and employment status of the family members that remain consistently engaged in extending care and assistance to their disabled children across the residential settings (Sola-Carmona, Lopez-Liria, Padilla-Gongora, Daza, Aguilar-Parra, 2016). The subjective interpretation of these experiences can provide additional insight to the healthcare practitioners in terms of elevating the capacity and awareness levels of family members for reducing the frequency of dependence of disabled children across the home care environment. Research findings by (Ã… ¾imek, Ta, Karabulut, 2015) indicate the pattern of social isolation experienced by the families of the psychologically or physically disabled children in the context of their financial constraints, lack of quality time and stigmatization across the community environment. These manifestations predominantly influence the quality of care for disabled children and their prospective development as well as wellness outcomes. Therefore, tracking the experiences of the family members of the disabled children is highly necessary in the context of devising evidence-based mitigating strategies for effectively utilizing their assistance in reducing the intensity of chronic disabilities of the affected children. Evidence-based research literature indicates the challenges faced by the family members of the disabled children in terms of their lack of awareness regarding the service options for dealing with the disability of their wards (Carter Thomas, 2011). These challe nges further include the difficult accessibility to the healthcare facilities of the family members of the disabled children and their insufficient knowledge regarding the clinical interventions required for dealing with the difficult circumstances in relation to their childrens disabilities. The root cause of these experiences and corresponding mitigating strategies require further exploration through prospective research studies in the context of improving the living standard and happiness patterns of the families that extend care and assistance to the disabled children. Family members of the children affected with various disabilities consistently experience the psychosocial load (Sadati, et al., 2015). The research findings reveal that mothers of disabled children remain as the most marginalized individuals across the community environment. Therefore, these mothers experience the pattern of depression and mental distress that adversely influences the care of their children leading to the destabilization of their families. Therefore, evaluation of this marginalization of mothers of disabled children highly necessary in the context of developing strategic interventions for improving their experience with the disabled children and subsequent elevation of their psychosocial as well as mental health patterns. Evidence-based findings by (Allard, et al., 2014) reveal the requirement of inclusion of family members of the children affected with neuro-disability in their medical decision making for elevating their wellness outcomes. For example, family membe rs of the neurologically disabled children can closely monitor their mobility patterns and share the findings with healthcare professionals in the context of facilitating the configuration of assistive interventions for elevating the self-sufficiency of the affected children across the community environment. Furthermore, the family members of the disabled children can very well identify their emotional as well as social well-being and these findings assist the clinicians in configuring community-based interventions for improving the health status of the affected children. These evidence-based findings further emphasize the requirement of conducting exploratory studies for evaluating the positive and negative experiences of the family members of the disabled children for effectively utilizing them in the context of increasing the patterns of their self-dependence. The research study by (Blackburn, Spencer, Read, 2010) reveals the significance of conducting the survey in terms of accomplishing family resources questionnaire to evaluate the adverse manifestations experienced by children affected with patterns of disability across the community environment. The family members of the disabled children prove to be the only caretakers having the privilege to observe and identify the adverse manifestations of their childrens disabilities. Therefore, tracking the experiences of family members of disabled children through exploratory research studies is of paramount importance for identifying the individualized challenges experienced by them in relation to their physical as well as psychosocial abnormalities. Evidence-based research literature specifies the effectiveness of conducting studies while interviewing the family members of the children affected with autism, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and sickle cell anemia in the context of determining th eir responses to the patterns of ableism across the community environment (Neely-Barnes, Graff, Roberts, Hall, Hankins, 2010). The findings of similar studies advocate the requirement of empowerment of family members of the affected children in terms of responding to the social biasing against them for brining the social change in relation to improving the quality of life of the disabled children. These studies further reveal the significance of conducting semi-structured interview sessions with the family members of disabled children in various groups for determining the social challenges that they face while extending care and assistance to the affected children. The clinical study by (Muga, 2003) evaluates the awareness patterns of the caregivers of the disabled children while interviewing them through ten questions in the context of evaluating their knowledge regarding behavioural orientation of their wards under the influence of their chronic as well as congenital disease conditions. Effective enhancement of these awareness patterns, significantly required for improving the care strategies for the children affected with patterns of seizures as well as various ophthalmic and mental conditions. Therefore requirement of exploration of the experiences and knowledge of family members (i.e. caregivers) of the disabled children justified with these evidence-based findings for effective enhancement of their wellness outcomes. Evidence-based research literature reveals the significance of conducting surveys through focused groups in relation to evaluating the psychosocial profile of the disabled children and mental and social status of their family members across the community environment (HSDR, 2014). The research survey by (Resch, et al., 2010) utilized focussed groups to identify the themes in terms of potential barriers to the establishment of health and well-being of the parents of children affected with various psychosocial as well as somatic disabilities. These barriers attribute to the inaccessibility of services and information, economic constraints, and support by community, school as well as other family members in terms of accomplishing the individualized requirements of the affected children. Prospective exploratory research studies are necessarily required for the further evaluation and analysis of these themes in the context of improving the caring experience of the family members and the effective enhancement of wellness outcomes of the disabled children. Customizable interview sessions with the disabled children and their families offer great advantage in terms of evaluating their experiences with the objective of configuring assistive care strategies for the affected children (Teachman Gibson, 2013). The findings of the research study by (Hall, et al., 2012) advocate the significance of conducting focused group sessions with the family members of the disabled children in the context of identifying their stress levels with the effective utilization of various behavioural mechanisms. Indeed, this research study also proved effective in analyzing the patterns of problem solving skills and coping strategies utilized by the caretakers of disabled children in the context of elevating their wellness outcomes. These research outcomes provide further insight in terms of analyzing the significance of conducting exploratory interview sessions with the family members of disabled children for effectively utilizing their experience in the enhanc ement of wellness patterns of the affected children across the community environment. The exploratory research study by (Sharkey, et al., 2016) utilized the focused groups mechanism for conducting interview sessions with the parents of the disabled children in the context of evaluating the possible communication barriers to the identification of their healthcare priorities. The findings of the research study reveal the significance of parental intervention and experience with their disabled children in terms of establishing their positive communication with the healthcare providers to facilitate their health outcomes across the community environment. The semi structured interview sessions with the families of the internationally adopted children conducted by (Lesens, et al., 2012) reveal the requirement of exploring the history of the family members and their patterns of attachment with the adopted children to facilitate the pace of their care and development and mitigation of their healthcare challenges and psychosocial disabilities. Indeed, the exploratory interview sessions prove to be highly significant in subjectively evaluating the relationship patterns and behaviour of the parents of children affected with various psychosomatic disabilities. These behavioural themes significantly assist the healthcare practitioners in terms of devising evidence-based strategies for enhancing the patterns of independence, autonomy and self-sufficiency among the disabled children. Evidence-based research literature advocates the contention related to the extension of semi-structured interview sessions and workshop questionnaires for effectively mitigating the state of anxiety of their family members while extending care and assistance to their children affected with feeding problems under the influence of their patterns of cerebral palsy (Hettiarachchi Kitnasamy, 2013). Therefore, various research studies advocate the contention related to the requirement of evaluating the experiences of the family members of the disabled children in exploring their health care challenges and individualized requirements in the context of elevating their quality of life and improvement of wellness outcomes. Furthermore, the qualitative research methodology related to the organization of semi-structured interview sessions profoundly assists the medical professionals in evaluating the experiences of caregivers to their disabled children, as evidenced by a range of exploratory studies documented in the research literature. Therefore, the present research proposal regarding the evaluation of family members experience of care of their disabled children justified in the light of the facts prescribed in evidence-based research literature. Sampling and Recruitment Strategies The effective utilization of mixed-methods and data-linked strategies offers great advantage for systematically sampling the research information in the context of obtaining the desirable outcomes (Schatz, 2012). The semi-structured research techniques provide privilege to the interviewers in terms of analyzing the details of the experiences, beliefs and perceptions of the interviewed subjects for their effective utilization in the statistical analysis in accordance with the study conventions. Furthermore, organization of interview sessions through skilful questioning by the nurse professionals assists in gathering significant information from the patients (Holloway Wheeler, 2010). Therefore, sampling techniques in the present research study will follow the pattern of semi-structured interviews while incorporating skilful questioning strategies for systematically capturing the experiences and behavioural patterns of the family members of the disabled children in accordance with the study requirement. However, the recruitment of study subjects will follow the criteria of registering family members of the children affected with a wide range of chronic psychosocial and somatic abnormalities. The sample size for the research study will attribute to the enrolment of the family members of 450 disabled children from the community environment. The recruitment of the research participants will not vary in accordance with their age patterns or psychosocial profile; however, the selection of the caretakers of the children affected with serious and debilitating congenital conditions preferred in accordance with the study protocol. Data collection methods The research findings by (Haig, 2015) emphasize the systematic utilization of questionnaires in qualitative research studies for collecting the research data in accordance with the study conventions. The present research study will utilize the semi-structured interview sessions with the assistance of systematic questionnaires for evaluating the experiences, challenges and beliefs of the family members of the children affected with various debilitating disabilities. Evidence-based research literature advocates the significance of conducting semi-structured interview sessions with the utilization of open-ended standardized questions for receiving unbiased responses from the research subjects (Brdart, Marrel, Abetz-Webb, Lasch, Acquadro, 2014). These semi-structured sessions prove to generate the outcomes measures validated by the responses received from the research subjects on the study questionnaires. Furthermore, semi-structured sessions provide privilege to the subjective interpre tation of the responses of the research subjects for appropriately evaluating the retrieved information in the context of retaining precision in the research findings. The present research study will utilize the same convention for recording the data in terms of responses of the family members of the disabled children. Data management PPA (Privacy-Preserving Analytics) demonstrator proves to be highly effective in terms of effectively managing the confidential data received from various exploratory studies across the R software through web-interface (Sparks, et al., 2008). The present research study will employ similar data management software in the context of safeguarding the confidential research data from theft or accidental leakage. The data management strategies for the present research study will also take into account the systematic retrieval of the recorded information for its strategic analysis through the statistical intervention. SPSS software will also require utilization for the present research study in relation to precisely generating the statistical evidence from the incorporated information. Data analysis Visual mining strategy proves to be highly effective for systematically analyzing the exploratory data obtained from qualitative research studies (Huang, et al., 2015). The similar divide and conquer approach requires utilization in the present research study for systematically segregating the received data into uniform subsets requiring visual evaluation, refinement and comparative analysis. Ethical considerations Institutional ethics committees offer great advantage in terms of obtaining their ethical approval for conducting various research studies while safeguarding the health, wellness and dignity of the enrolled subjects (Kuyare, Taur, Thatte, 2014). The present research study also intends to obtain ethical approval from the concerned ethic committee prior to enrolling the research candidates in accordance with the specified conventions. The research study will also take into consideration that each research participants must sign the informed consent form at his/her own will after thoroughly understanding the study protocols. The researchers will monitor the stress levels of the candidates while interviewing them and instantly cease the interview session in case of recording of patterns of psychological stress among the study subjects during the interview sessions. The protocols of the proposed research study will allow the participants to exit the study at any point of time at their ow n will without specifying any reason. The interview sessions will require organization in a friendly environment in the context of encouraging the research participants in sharing their contentions and experiences in an unbiased manner and without any compulsion. Furthermore, the recruitment of research subjects should remain unbiased and evidence-based strategies require execution to minimize any psychosocial or physical harm to the enrolled subjects during the execution of the research study. The confidentiality of the personal information of the research subjects requires prioritization by the researchers and strategies to ascertain the safety of confidential information requires effective implementation during the course of study execution. Rigour Validity Systematic utilization of variable data collection methods, variation in sampling strategies and execution of peer checks prove to be highly significant for elevating the rigor of the important research data. The proposed research study will effectively utilize similar conventions for retaining the precision of the research data received from the semi-structured interviews. The utilization of evidence-based sampling conventions and data analysis techniques will facilitate the generation of study results with minimal standard deviation. The systematic sampling approaches attributing to mixed-methods and data-linked strategies will necessarily ensure the validity of the research findings in terms of their further utilization in prospective research studies for evaluating the role and contribution of family members of the disabled children in facilitating their psycho-socio-somatic enhancement. Conclusion This research proposal significantly emphasizes the requirement of conducting an exploratory study in relation to evaluating the experiences of the family members of the disabled children for enhancing their health and wellness outcomes. Evidence-based research literature indicates the significance of organizing qualitative studies with the effective utilization of semi-structured interview approaches for systematically tracking the experiences of the family members of the disabled children with the core objective of devising strategies for elevating the quality of care and therapy for the affected children. The rationally of the proposed study justified with the evidence-based literature; however, limited conclusive information available for understanding the appropriate utilization of the experiences of family members of the disabled children in terms of configuring their care strategies across the residential settings. Partnership of healthcare professionals with the family member s of disabled children is highly necessary for improving their wellness outcomes and therefore, the proposed study requires execution for tracking the relationship patterns of the family members with their disabled children across the community environment. The proposed research study might experience limitations in terms of enrolling the research subjects and subjectively tracking their responses; however, the study bears the potential of providing considerable insight in relation to the utilization of experiences of caretakers of the disabled children while configuring care strategies for them across the residential settings. The systematic utilization of evidence-based research methods in the proposed study will considerably elevate its rigour, validity and authenticity across the research community and resultantly the findings of the study might require incorporation in similar prospective studies for consistently supporting the generation of disabled children across the communi ty environment. References Allard, A., Fellowes, A., Shilling, V., Janssens, A., Beresford, B., Morris, C. (2014). Key health outcomes for children and young people with neurodisability: qualitative research with young people and parents. BMJ Open, 4(4). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004611 Blackburn, C. M., Spencer, N. J., Read, J. M. (2010). Prevalence of childhood disability and the characteristics and circumstances of disabled children in the UK: secondary analysis of the Family Resources Survey. BMC Pediatrics, 10(21). doi:10.1186/1471-2431-10-21 Brdart, A., Marrel, A., Abetz-Webb, L., Lasch, K., Acquadro, C. (2014). Interviewing to develop Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) measures for clinical research: eliciting patients experience. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12(15). doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-15 Carter, B., Thomas, M. (2011). Key Working for Families with Young Disabled Children. Nursing Research and Practice. doi:10.1155/2011/397258 Haig, B. D. (2015). Commentary: Exploratory data analysis. Frontiers in Psychology. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01247 Hall, H. R., Neely-Barnes, S. L., Graff, J. C., Krcek, T. E., Roberts, R. J., Hankins, J. S. (2012). Parental stress in families of children with a genetic disorder/disability and the resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 35(1), 24-44. doi:10.3109/01460862.2012.646479 Hettiarachchi, S., Kitnasamy, G. (2013). Effect of an Experiential Dysphagia Workshop on Caregivers Knowledge, Confidence, Anxiety and Behaviour During Mealtimes. DCID, 24(3). Holloway, I., Wheeler, S. (2010). Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare (3rd ed.). USA: Wiley-Blackwell. HSDR. (2014). Qualitative research with children and young people affected by neurodisability, and parents. In Informing the NHS Outcomes Framework: evaluating meaningful health outcomes for children with neurodisability using multiple methods including systematic review, qualitative research, Delphi survey and consensus meeting. UK: NIHR. Huang, C. W., Lu, R., Iqbal, U., Lin, S. H., Nguyen, P. A., Yang, H. C., . . . Jian, W. S. (2015). A richly interactive exploratory data analysis and visualization tool using electronic medical records. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 15(92). doi:10.1186/s12911-015-0218-7 Resch, J. A., Mireles, G., Benz, M. R., Grenwelge, C., Peterson, R., Zhang, D. (2010). Giving parents a voice: A qualitative study of the challenges experienced by parents of children with disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 139-150. doi:10.1037/a0019473 Sadati, A. K., Salehzade, H., Hemmati, S., Darvish, M., Heydari, S. T., Tabrizi, R. (2015). The Causal Factors Associated with the Loving Care of the Mothers of Children with Multiple Disabilities. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 309-317. Schatz, E. (2012). Rationale and procedures for nesting semi-structured interviews in surveys or censuses. Population Studies, 183-195. doi:10.1080/00324728.2012.658851 Sharkey, S., Lloyd, C., Tomlinson, R., Thomas, E., Martin, A., Logan, S., Morris, C. (2016). Communicating with disabled children when inpatients: barriers and facilitators identified by parents and professionals in a qualitative study. Health Expectations: An International Journal of Public Participation in Healthcare and Health Policy, 738-50. doi:10.1111/hex.12254 Ã… ¾imek, T. T., Ta, M., Karabulut, D. (2015). Desire to have other children in families with a chronically disabled child and its effect on the relationship of the parents. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 50(3), 163-169. doi:10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2015.2795 Sola-Carmona, J. J., Lopez-Liria, R., Padilla-Gongora, D., Daza, M. T., Aguilar-Parra, J. M. (2016). Subjective Psychological Well-Being in Families with Blind Children: How Can We Improve It? Frontiers in Psychology. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00487 Sparks, R., Carter, C., Donnelly, J. B., O'Keefe, C. M., Duncan, J., Keighley, T., McAullay, D. (2008). Remote access methods for exploratory data analysis and statistical modelling: Privacy-Preserving Analytics. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 91(3), 208-222. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.04.001 Teachman, G., Gibson, B. E. (2013). Children and youth with disabilities: innovative methods for single qualitative interviews. Qualitative Health Research, 264-74. doi:10.1177/1049732312468063 Wei, X., Yu, J. W. (2012). The concurrent and longitudinal effects of child disability types and health on family experiences. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 100-108. doi:10.1007/s10995-010-0711-7 Woodgate, R. L., Edwards, M., Ripat, J. D., Rempel, G., Johnson, S. F. (2016). Siblings of children with complex care needs: their perspectives and experiences of participating in everyday life. Child Care, Health and Development. doi:10.1111/cch.12345.

6 Elements of an Epic Poem Flashcard

6 Elements of an Epic Poem

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (Thurber) and Im Going (Bernard)

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (Thurber) and Im Going (Bernard) Introduction â€Å"I’m Going† and â€Å"The secret life of Walter Mitty† are two masterpieces that revolve around individuals who hope, but are unable, to fulfill their wishes.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (Thurber) and I’m Going (Bernard) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors recount the stories in a rather humorous way by enlisting unrealistic characters. The protagonists of the stories are unable to make decisions; they can only make tales about their lives. The two stories chronicle undecided couples who have dreams, but they cannot, or not willing, to work towards achieving their dreams. Consequently, their dreams remain fantasies and the aspect of escapism creeps in slowly into the lives of these surrealistic couples. However, there is a difference in how the stories have been narrated; for instance, â€Å"I’m Going† revolves around a real life whereby, a couple is unable to reach consensus on almost all life issues and thus keep blaming each other for not making efforts. On the other hand, â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† revolves around a man, who is uncomfortable with his life and thus, keeps on escaping to a world of fantasy. Comparisons The similarities of the two stories lie in the fact that, they revolve around married men with the desire to satisfy their wives’ emotional needs.Advertising Looking for critical writing on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, they are faced with the challenge of not having the means to achieve their desires due to their economic situations. On top of their need to fulfill their individual needs, they realize that they have responsibilities, especially their wives who need their attention too (Bernard, 1915, p. 16). It becomes quite hard for the m to balance between what they desire to do individually, and at the same time, be the men that their wives want then to be. In â€Å"I’m Going†, Henry engages in humorous conversation with his wife; they seem to have opposing interests in life. In their effort to get something that will interest both of them, they realize that they cannot feel comfortable with each other. There is a desire for both of them to be on their own, just to feel fulfilled, yet they cannot realize the desire because they need each other’s company. In â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty†, Walter desires to have a specified lifestyle for his family, but that desire is beyond his capability (Yates, 1974, p.165). Therefore, he resolves into an imaginary world with the hope that it will help in making him feel respected. There is also a similarity in the outcome of the lives of the two men where they end up not satisfying their desires. The fantasy life of Mitty never happens, as h e never works towards realizing his dreams. He keeps thinking that what he wants and desires will be fulfilled simply by escaping his current situation. In the process of wanting to satisfy his needs and the needs of his wife, he ends up being a nuisance and even hurting her in the process.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (Thurber) and I’m Going (Bernard) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His wife becomes impatient of his fantasies that are contrary to the life they are living (Clugston, 2010, p. 26). On the other hand, the desire for Henry to satisfy the needs of Jeanne ends up in frustrations. His inability to make up his mind on what he wants disgusts his wife to a point where she contemplates leaving. Even though the couple thinks they will be better if they gave each other space, they realize that they need each other for companionship. The characters in both sto ries are victims of their environment or past experiences. In â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty†, Walter’s fantasies revolve around his environment and his wishes. For instance, before he daydreamed about the navy hydroplane, his wife had complained of him driving so fast. Secondly, just before he daydreamed about being a surgeon, he had just put on surgical gloves and was driving past the hospital. His fantasy about the courtroom drama preceded the shout of a newspaper carrier. The fourth fantasy happens when Mitty, in the process of waiting for his wife, is reading literature with the topic of Germany conquering the world. Finally, his last daydream of the firing-squad scene happened when he was smoking. Consequently, when the reader considers the life of Henry and Jeanne, in â€Å"I’m Going†, their lives are based on their interests and hobbies. Their unwillingness to be together is simply because Henry feels he will enjoy more when he goes for hor se racing alone, rather than when he is with Jeanne.Advertising Looking for critical writing on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Jeanne confesses that she enjoys going for a walk alone. Such experiences are mainly the basis on which the story revolves, and they are unable to reach a compromise and agree on what both will be pleased. Contrast Despite the similarities, there are numerous differences considering the setting and the plot of the two stories. â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is more of a monologue where the couples are not active in the entire scenario. Mrs. Mitty is not aware of what is running through her husband’s life and has remarkably little idea that he is fantasizing. The outcome of life they share makes Mitty escape into a secret life, which the wife cannot participate. On the other hand, â€Å"I’m Going† involves two active participants who are free and sincere about their feelings. They share their fears and anxieties and confess their weaknesses. Compared to Mitty where he would rather hide his wishes from his wife and simply imagine, Henry confesses to Jeanne that he cannot go with her to the races because he will have to pay more, and fail to enjoy himself (Bernard, 1915, p. 20). The suggestion for them to take a walk, instead of going to the races, is also met with a sincere confession from Jeanne that she will not feel comfortable walking with Henry. The story of â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† displays many scenarios that make up the ultimate scene; the author takes the audience through different scenarios with different settings to bring out his point. On the other hand, â€Å"I’m Going† involves a couple in a similar setting. Even though they pick events from different scenes, the plot of their story does not change. It takes place in their house from the beginning to the end. As Tobias (1969) observes, â€Å"The Secret Life of Mitty† is mainly composed of fantasies, which is the striking feature in the entire story (p.23). Apparently, the other scenes are only to build up on the daydreams of Mitty. â€Å"I’m Going† is a real life story that exposes the fears of two sincere individuals. Unlike Mitty who finds it hard to accept his status, Henry has accepted life and tries to make his wife understand his actions (Clugston, 2010, p. 36). The couple realizes that the reason why they may not be together, as they would wish, is their differences that become an obstacle to each other. The two stories revolve around conflict of finances, and the way the couples would like to spend the resources. In â€Å"The Secret Life of Mitty†, it is more about him and the way he would obtain what he wants for him and his family, as opposed to facing the realities of life (Thurber, 2008, p.26-25). On the other hand, â€Å"I’m Going† is all about Jeanne’s concern on how Henry spends his time and money. The conflict that Jeannie is facing is all about having a responsible husband who will make time for her and use his money well. She feels that Henry gambles a lot with his money and time. Moreover, Jeanne feels that the conflict facing their life would be solved if Henry was a little bit sensitive to her needs and grant her the attention she craves for (Felski, 2003, p.65), rather than act selfishly by going to the races alone. Mitty, on the other hand, feels that his conflict would be solved if he had one of the lives that he was fantasizing. His hopes and dreams are all about being in a position to provide for the needs of his family and satisfy his desires. Conclusion In the two stories, even though the narration revolves around a couple, they both seem to have individual lives where they are unable to merge. Mitty is into fantasy while his wife is real with life. Henry likes going to horse races alone while Jeanne prefers going for walks. Despite having a clear understanding of their weaknesses, none of the involved parties is willing to give in, for the sake of the other. The stories thus share similar ities of the same margin as their differences. Reference List Bernard, T. (1915). I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act. (B. H. Clark, Trans.). New York: Samuel French. Clugston, R. (2010). Journey into Literature. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Felski, R. (2003). Literature after Feminism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Thurber, J. (2008). The Secret Life of Walter Mitty. (Creative Classic Series). New York: The Creative Company. Tobias, C. (1969). The Art of James Thurber. Ohio: Ohio State University Press. Yates, Norris. (1974). James Thurbers Little Man and Liberal Citizen. In C. Holmes (Ed.), Thurber: A Collection of Critical Essays (pp. 28-36). New York: Prentice-Hall.

Action response Essays

Action response Essays Action response Essay Action response Essay Action Response is a London-based charity dedicated to providing fast responses to critical situations throughout the world. The charity receives requests for cash aid usually from an Intermediary charity and looks to process the request quickly and provide funds where they are needed, when they are needed. It was founded to provide relatively short-term aid for small projects until they could obtain funding from larger donors. Generally, Action Response Is regarded as one of the success stories in the charity world. The consensus of opinion is that it has filled an important AP in aid provision to relatively small scale recipients. Susan Noting Chief Executive of Action Response explains the background. Give a man a fish and you feed him today, teach him to fish and you feed him for life, its an old saying and it makes sense but, and this is where Action Response comes in, he might starve while hes training to catch fish. Nevertheless, Susan does have some worries about how parts of her enterprise are managed. She faces two major issues In particular. First she Is receiving complaints that funds are not getting through to where they are needed quickly enough. Second the costs of running the operation are starting to spiral. She explains. We are becoming a victim of our own success. We have striven to provide greater accessibility to our funds, people can access via the internet, by post and by phone. But we are in danger of losing what we stand for. It is taking longer to get the money to where it is needed and our costs are going up. We are in danger of failing on one of our key objectives: to minimize the proportion of our turnover that is spent on administration. At the same time we always need to be aware of the risk of bad publicity through making the wrong decisions. If we dont check applications thoroughly, funds may go to the wrong place and If the newspapers gets hold of the story we would run a real risk of losing the goodwill, and therefore the funds, from our many supporters. Susan NTIS held regular meetings with key stakeholders. One charity that handled a large number of applications for people in Nigeria told her of frequent complaints about the delays over the processing of the applications and they felt there was a danger of losing the key purpose for which the charity was founded. A second charity preventative complained that when he telephoned to ascertain the status of an application the RAPID staff did not seem to know where it was or how long it might be before it was complete. Furthermore he felt that this lack of information was eroding his relationship with his own clients some of whom were losing faith in him as a result. This was affecting the other work the charity was doing; trust Is so Important In the relationship he explained. Some of Suntans colleagues, while broadly agreeing with her anxieties over the One of the really good things about Action Response is that we are more flexible Han most charities. If there is a need and if they need support until one of the larger charities can step in, then we will always consider a request for aid. I would not like to see any move towards high process efficiency harming our ability to be open- minded and consider a request that might seem a little unusual at first. Jacqueline Horton, Applications Assessor) Others saw the charity as performing an important advice and counseling role. Remember that we have gained a lot of experience in this kind of short-term aid. We are also often the first people that are in a position to give advice on how to apply for argue and longer term funding. If we developed this aspect of our work we would again be fulfilling a need that is not adequately supplied at the moment. (Stephen Iniquity, Applications Assessor) The Action Response Applications Processing Unit (RAPE) Potential aid recipients, or the intermediary charities that represent them, are required to apply (or claim as Action Response termed it) using a standard form. These application forms can be downloaded from the internet or requested via a special help line. Sometimes the applica tion will come directly from an individual but ore usually it will come via an intermediary charity that is aware of Action Response and can help the applicant to complete the application form. The application form is then sent to the Action Response Applications Processing Unit (RAPE) The RAPE employs seven applications assessors with three support/secretarial staff, a pool of nine clerks who are responsible for data entry, coding and filing, and nine completes (staff who prepare the final paperwork and send the money, or explain why no aid can be given). In addition, a board of non paid trustees meets every Thursday, to ratify (approve) the applications. Action Responses IT system maintains records of all transactions. It provides an update of number of applications (by week, month and year), the number and percentage of applications approved, number and percentage of those declined, the number and amount of payments allocated. These reports identified that the Unit received about 300 applications per week (the Unit operates a 35 hour week) and whilst all the Units financial targets were being met at the moment the clear trend indicated that costs as a percentage of applications handled was increasing. Most internally set operations performance criteria were being met. The target for the turnaround of an application, from receipt of application to the issue of funds was 20 days. Accuracy had never been an issue as all files were thoroughly assessed to ensure that all the relevant and complete data was collected before the applications waiting for processing at each section with the exception that the completes were sometimes waiting for work to come from the committee on a Thursday. Susan had conducted an inspection of all sections in-trays that had revealed a rather shocking total of about 2000 files waiting within the process. Processing applications The processing of applications is a lengthy procedure requiring careful examination by applications assessors trained to make well founded assessments in line with existing charity guidelines and values. All applications arriving at the Unit are placed in an in-tray. The incoming application is then opened by one of the four receipt clerks who will check that all the necessary forms have been included in the application, the receipt clerks take about 10 minutes per application. This is then placed in an in-tray before collection by the coding staff. The five coding clerks allocate a unique identifier to each application and code the information on the application into the computer. The application is then given a front sheet, a pro formal, with the identifier in the top corner. This coding stage takes about 20 minutes for each application. The files are then placed in a tray on the senior applications assessors secretary desk. As an applications assessor becomes available, the senior secretary provides the next Job in the line to the assessor. About one hundred of the cases seen by the assessors each week are put aside after only 10 minutes scanning because it is clear that there is a need for further information. The assessor returns these files to the secretaries, who write to the applicant (usually via the intermediate charity) requesting missing or additional information, and return the file to the receipt clerks who store the file until the further information eventually arrives. When it does arrive, the file enters the process and progresses through the same stages again. Of the applications that require no further information, around half are accepted and half declined. Some applications clearly fit the charity criteria, or clearly did not. But others could take more time to assess. On average, the applications that are not recycled for further information take around 60 minutes to assess. All the applications, whether approved or declined, are stored prior to ratification. Every Thursday the Committee of Trustees meets to formally approve the applications assessors decisions. The committees role is to sample the decisions to ensure that the guidelines of the charity are upheld. In addition they will review any particularly unusual cases highlighted by the applications assessors. Once approved by the committee the file is then taken to the completion officers. There are 3 declines officers whose main responsibility is to compile a suitable response to the applicant pointing out why the application failed and offering, if possible, provide helpful advice. An experienced declines officer takes about 30 minutes to finalize the file and write a suitable letter. Successful files are passed to the 4 payment officers where again the file is completed, letters (mainly standard letters) are created and including dealing with any queries from the Bank about payment details. Finally the paperwork itself is sent, with the rest of the file, to two dispatch clerks ho complete the documents and mail them to the applicant. Each part of the process has trays for incoming work. Files are taken from the bottom of the pile when someone becomes free to ensure that all documents are dealt with in strict order. The dispatch activity takes, on average, 10 minutes for each application. The feeling amongst the staff was generally good. When Susan consulted the team they said their work was clear and routine, but their life was made difficult by charities that rang in expecting them to be able to tell them the status of an application they had submitted. It could take them hours, sometimes days, to find any individual file. Indeed two of the receipt clerks now worked full time on this activity. They also said that charities frequently complained that the money seemed to be taking a long time to agree and send. Questions 1. What objectives should the RAPE process be trying to achieve? 2. Map the process of handling applications at RAPE. 3. Analyses and evaluate the process. You may wish to assess: number of people involved in each application individual workloads whether the process is configured appropriately process throughput times why it is difficult to locate a file 4. What recommendations would you make to Susan Noting?

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Research paper - Essay Example The benefits of online shopping are numerous one of them being one can shop from home and does not need to go to the mall as one will shop online and the product is delivered at the doorstep. Online shopping saves time and resources as one will be able to shop at the comfort of their homes and one can shop whenever they want hence making it convenient (Rajaraman, 2000). Online shopping will provide variety for the buyer to choose from various shops as there are many providers and this gives the buyer the opportunity to compare products and choose the one that best meets their requirements. Online shopping also has hazards or drawbacks that makes people skeptic about using it. There exists a time lag from payment of the products required and delivery, unlike buying from a store where one exchanges money with the product. Online shopping also does not allow the customer the chance to test the product before using it and if it is defective when delivered it may inconvenience the buyer (Rajaraman, 2000). There are high shipping costs for [products and this makes products sell at a higher price than the usual when using online shopping. Online shopping is also faced by security issues as payment methods over the internet through credit cards may not be secure and it may lead to insecure transactions. However with proper implementation of security measures, online shopping provides an easy and convenient means of trading that saves the customer time and offers a wide variety of products to choose from. I chose online shopping—benefits and hazards as it has become a topic of discussion today because globalization has prompted the need for businesses to initiate electronic commerce in order to be competitive in the market. This topic will help me learn how the advantages and drawbacks of electronic commerce hence it could help me when I start my own business. Searching on the internet was easier than on the online library as I only needed to type in